What Art Rock Group Was Influenced by Minimalism Electronic and Nonmusical Sounds?
sixteen Progressive Rock
Progressive Rock music is a grade of rock in which elements of 'art music' such as classical music are incorporated in with rock elements. Though each progressive rock group vary widely from one to the side by side, they autumn very roughly into iii categories.
1) The near basic blazon of progressive rock is merely the add-on of classical orchestral instruments (violins, cellos, etc.) into a rock setting, an extension of what producers George Martin and Phil Spector had been doing. Groups such as the Moody Blues used the mellotron (a keyboard that emulates the sound of orchestral instruments) to recreate the recordings they fabricated with full orchestras.
2) A more than advanced style came through groups such equallyYes that wrote complex multi-movement works common in the classical music globe. These pieces were often quite elaborate and intricately equanimous, and it was not uncommon for a complete 'piece' to take upwardly an entire side of a vinyl record.
3) A more experimental fashion of prog stone was the use of "musique concrète", or "concrete music", based on ideas from modern classical composers in the avant-garde and electronic areas. The idea is that composers would use tape recordings of non-musical sound and organize them, via sound tape, into a musical composition. Sounds such as trains, clocks ticking, animal noises, or cash registers were all fair game. Pinkish Floyd explored this with the electronic sound collage work that permeated many of their albums, notably on Nighttime Side of the Moon (1973).
Rock Groups with Orchestra and the Mellotron
The Moody Blues incorporated the classical orchestra into their audio in 1967, featured on recordings such as "Nights in White Satin". They used an electronic instrument chosen the Mellotron to emulate the orchestral timbres on their recordings. Soon later, the Mellotron showed up throughout popular recordings and was picked upward, in particular, by progressive rock groups.
Genesis
Genesis also incorporated orchestral effects via the mellotron into their music. Additionally, they performed elaborate music and developed elaborate an phase human action involving costume and graphic symbol changes for singer Peter Gabriel. Genesis reached their theatrical acme with the double concept anthologyThe Lamb Lies Downwards on Broadway in which Gabriel plays a character that goes on a surrealistic journey of self-discovery. Gabriel left the group to pursue a solo career shortly later on, encountering bang-up commercial and artistic success through the 1980s.
Drummer Phil Collins replaced Gabriel on vocals, continuing in the progressive stone vein with the album Trick of the Tail(1976). As fourth dimension went on, the theatrical element of Genesis as well equally the progressive nature of the music became less of import as the grouping pursued a more commercial pop direction into the 1980s and encountered enormous success with Phil Collins as their primary vocalist. "Invisible Touch" (Listening Examples 16.2) from 1986 was one of the group's biggest commercial successes, being their offset and simply No. 1 hitting in the United states. Formally the vocal is not representative of their progressive rock style; rather, it uses a tried and truthful popular song form nosotros are very familiar with at this betoken. Examine an excerpt of the lyrics below:
Well I've been waiting, waiting here and so long
But thinking nothing, nothing could go wrong, ooh now I know
She has a built in ability
To take everything she sees
And at present information technology seems I'yard falling, falling for her
She seems to take an invisible impact, yeah
She reaches in, and grabs right hold of your heart
She seems to have an invisible touch, yeah
Information technology takes control and slowly tears you apart
Well I don't really know her, I simply know her name
Simply she crawls under your skin
You're never quite the same, and now I know
She's got something you just tin can't trust
And it's something mysterious
And now it seems I'grand falling, falling for her
She seems to take an invisible impact, yeah
She reaches in, and grabs right hold of your eye
She seems to accept an invisible touch, yep
It takes control and slowly tears you apart
The live version of "Watcher of the Skies" past Genesis in Ch. 16 Listening Examples is a perfect example progressive rock, featuring the use of synthesized orchestral sounds combined with rock instruments and a theatrical operation by lead vocalizer Peter Gabriel. Listen as to how the vocals take a different experience rhythmically when compared to the rhythmic figure the band plays to accompany Gabriel.
Yes
Yeah formed in 1968 and became one of the first and longest lasting progressive rock groups. They used multi-movement classical structures in their works, virtuosic instrumental playing, and used full group vocal harmonies. Early on, the group used synthesizers to emulate an orchestral sound, only their music developed to focus on the members' technical skills.
Their fourth albumFragile featured each member taking turns equally the featured performer on different tracks in add-on to total group tracks.Their fifth and 6th albums, Close to the Edge and Relayer fabricated use of the classical "suite" form in which a unmarried piece was made upwards of multiple movements, and lasted much longer than a standard rock song.
Many personnel changes occurred, and the group broke upwardly and reformed many times. They have been dorsum together since 2008.
Genesis: "Watcher of the Skies" (1973). "Invisible Touch" (1986) indicative of the band'southward pop direction in the 1980s. "Entangled" (fromTrick of the Tail) is an example of the beginning of the Phil Collins-led era of Genesis and showcases the interesting musical textures the grouping was capable of. The music features three guitars and glockenspiel (a metallic pitched percussion musical instrument). Bass sounds are produced through organ bass pedals played with the anxiety. Collins still performed on drums periodically, but for the most part became primarily a vocaliser.
Yep: "And You And I" live 1972. Listen for how the band goes through a number of contrasting musical sections. Some of these sections are purely instrumental while others feature vocals. The instrumental sections maybe be tedious and minimal with a keyboard playing a single sustaining chord, or they may be complex and full of pre-written parts. The vocal sections sometimes feature the lead vocals of Jon Anderson and sometimes feature full sounding group vocals. Some other example is of "Close to the Edge".
King Red
King Ruby formed in 1969 by the leader and simply abiding member guitarist Robert Fripp. Fripp brought together instrumental virtuosity, advanced electronics, atonality, jazz and improvisation, and colorful instrumentation into a very intense and dark version of progressive rock. The group went through many lineup changes throughout the 1970s until Fripp disbanded Crimson in 1974 to focus on his experimental electronic music with composer Brian Eno until reforming the grouping in 1981.
The new version of the group featured Bill Bruford (who had been in the 70s group) on drums, guitarist/vocaliser Adrian Belew, and bass/stick role player Tony Levin. This group had an updated sound which they combined with the nighttime intensity of the 70s sound. The dual guitars and the new "Stick" (an instrument which uses two handed tapping on the strings) created complex rhythmic interplay reminiscent of classical minimalism. Belew added new life to the grouping as an energetic frontman/vocaliser, and Fripp used new applied science such every bit the guitar synthesizer in this new version of the group. Fripp disbanded the group again in 1984, and regrouped again in the mid 1990s. Equally of 2013 they take reformed with a new lineup featuring 3 drummers, woodwinds, and a new singer who has replaced Adrian Belew.
King Crimson: "Red" (1974) is instrumental, relying on the electrical guitar for the master theme of the music. It is anomalous and reminiscent in some ways of modern classical works merely features distorted electric guitars and rock aggression.
- "Elephant Talk" 1981
- "Frame by Frame" live 1984
Emerson, Lake, and Palmer
Emerson, Lake, and Palmer formed in 1970 as a progressive rock "power trio" of sorts. Consisting of keyboards/synths, guitar/bass, and drums, this trio made a sound much larger than most trios could make through the use of multiple keyboards and a plethora of percussion, obtaining an about orchestral sound. ELP is well known for their reinterpretations of extended classical works and filtering them through rock instrumentation and stone aggression. Keith Emerson was classically trained on piano and brought an authentic touch on to the music. "Fanfare for the Common Homo" is a rock variation on the classic and timeless composition written by American composer Aaron Copland. ELP performs sections of the tune and intersperses rock and roll sections throughout, including an extended synthesizer solo.
Blitz
Blitz formed in Canada in the early 1970s as a power trio (Guitar, Bass, Drums) to play Cream and Led Zeppelin way difficult rock. Originally formed by Alex Lifeson (Guitar), and Geddy Lee (Bass and vocals), drummer/lyricist Neil Peart joined after in 1974. With the albumFly Past Dark (1975) they began to incorporate extended multi-movement classical forms into their difficult rock.
Their music was singled-out from other progressive rock groups in that information technology was considerably heavier and rooted in the riff-based fashion of groups such as Led Zeppelin. Also, the voice of Geddy Lee is highly distinct for its high range. Although they occasionally apply synthesizers and different percussion instruments such every bit the glockenspiel, Rush sticks primarily to the basic guitar, bass, and drums sound.
Pink Floyd
Originally a psychedelic rock group,Pink Floyd was forced into a new management with the difference of singer/guitarist/primary songwriter Syd Barrett. The remaining members were Roger Waters (bass), Richard Wright (keyboards) and Nick Bricklayer (Drums). Waters would grow to become the groups primary creative strength, though all members gave creative contributions. Barret was replaced past guitarist/singer David Gilmour, and the band'southward sound changed as the other members became more creatively competent.
Important features of Pink Floyd's music was their apply of audio effects and the construction of sound collages with prerecorded sounds in combination with their songs, and the long form compositions comprised of multiple smaller parts. Pieces such equally "Saucerful of Secrets" (1968), "Cantlet Heart Mother" (1970) and "Echos" (1971) would have up an entire side of a record (or well-nigh of it), and were ofttimes epic in scope. "Atom Heart Mother" was structured into multiple movements much like the suite-style forms used by Aye and other groups and utilizes an orchestra along with the band, while "Saucerful of Secrets" makes extensive use of studio effects and unusual electronic sounds.
Waters had the idea for a concept album based on his own experience growing up without a father, and the album turned into 1 of the biggest selling albums of all time, The Night Side of the Moon. (1973) The album makes utilize of prerecorded, not-musical sounds, chosen musique concrète (concrete music) that chronicle thematically to the lyrics. "Time" includes the sounds of clocks ticking and alarms ringing, while "Money" (Listening Examples 16.3, below) features rhythmically organized greenbacks registers clicking and coins falling. "Money" also happens to be ane of the most pop tracks on the album, notable for the fact that features a seven-beat pattern in the bass riff rather than the usual three or iv beat out patterns. Many of the songs on the anthology feature spine-tingling blues-based guitar solos from David Gilmour, a guitarist who focuses more on lyricism and voice-like expression on his guitar.
Their next album Wish You Were Here (1975) was a tribute to Syd Barrett who had since been living equally a recluse due to mental illness. Animals (1977) takes a cynical view of humanity based on George Orwell's book Animal Farm (1945) and features a mix of epic, heavy songs including the guitar-led ballsy "Dogs". The Wall (1979) took a pessimistic view on mod society. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part ii)" talks of an pedagogy arrangement that restricts freedom of thought. Both Animals and The Wall were primarily composed by Roger Waters, who by this time was exerting more and more than artistic control over the band'due south output.
Later on The Final Cut (1983) Waters separated from the band and a legal state of war ensued over the utilise of the name Pink Floyd and of other elements. The other band members continued, nonetheless, using the name and remained very successful. The group reunited for one concert in 2005 at Live 8 before Richard Wright passed away in 2008.
Frank Zappa
Frank Zappa (1940-1993) was a Los Angeles-based composer, songwriter, producer, guitarist, vocalist, businessman, filmmaker, and leader of many groups including the Mothers of Invention. He stands lonely in the world of popular music equally an artist that crossed between genres, from classical to rock, jazz to sense of humor, Doo-Wop to Advanced electronic music. He was an extremely prolific artist with an incessant energy devoted to creating, and his body of work is vast.
Zappa incorporated a huge variety of instruments (call back Phil Spector) and made productions that to this twenty-four hours remain completely unique. Audio effects are prominent, segues between songs occur often, and meticulously equanimous textile is evident. Frequently vocals are modulated to sound high pitched, or otherwise bizarre.
Unusual instruments are showcased in the music of the Mothers. Orchestral percussion augments the sound of the drum prepare, wind instruments such as oboe or bassoon are not uncommon, and electronic sounds created in the studio are utilized. Some members of the group were highly accomplished, classically trained instrumentalists. In the alive setting, Zappa served as conductor and leader too as a guitarist, composer, and singer. Often times, Zappa conducted the band in an improvised context, telling them through mitt signals what kind of sounds to play, how fast or tiresome, and when to transition into a composed section of music.
Zappa disbanded the original Mothers of Invention in 1969 mainly because Zappa was unable to continue paying the band member's salaries, but likewise due to the fact that he wanted players who could read music and play some of the more difficult parts he was writing. The showtime anthology he released every bit a solo artist wasHot Rats (1969), a largely instrumental anthology that showcased both Zappa's compositions and his unique guitar solos. It as well featured the skills of keyboard/wind actor Ian Underwood, a member of the original Mothers. The outset track from the album is "Peaches en Regalia" and features layers over overdubbed guitar, keyboard, and saxophone lines. The music is instrumental, upbeat, and complex, though information technology is full of melodic hooks and has an upbeat, joyous feeling.
Zappa'due south ring again continued to evolve into the mid to late 1970s to include younger musicians such as drummer Terry Bozzio and singers Ray White and Ike Willis. His song "The Black Folio" (see Listening Examples 16.3 below) became notorious for its complication of rhythm, requiring considerable practice and technique. The song features extremely complex rhythms over pinnacle of a 4-beat design, and Zappa even made a danceable "Disco" version called "The Black Page No. ii" which highlights the four-beat blueprint and simplifies some of the circuitous rhythms. He connected writing satirical and rough pop songs too. Around this time, business organisation relations with Warner Brothers (with whom Zappa had been with for a number of years) began to deteriorate. He intended to release a 4-Disc record that included works for orchestra, circuitous instrumentals, and standard rock songs, but WB refused, instead releasing a number of single albums without Zappa's consent. By the early 80s he was running his own characterization Barking Pumpkin Records and releasing his own music as an independent recording artist.
David Bowie
David Bowie – (Born David Jones, 1947-2016) Was inspired by the Beats as a teenager and began playing jazz and rhythm and blues. Inspired by crush poet Allen Ginsberg who demanded equality for homosexuals, Jones developed an androgynous image. He changed his name to David Bowie to distinguish himself from popular singer Davy Jones, and he developed a glittery infinite-age grapheme known every bit Ziggy Stardust. Bowie doesn't stick to 1 particular manner, and his image is the primary reason for his "glitter rock" association.
Queen
Queen formed in 1971 with a standard difficult-rock lineup of Freddie Mercury (vocals), Brian May (guitar), John Deacon (bass), and Roger Meadows-Taylor (drums).
Associated with "glitter rock" more for their androgynous visual epitome than for their music (similar David Bowie), with vocalist Freddie Mercury wearing makeup and glittery outfits, and the band's name itself suggests the androgynous clan. While their music was difficult-rock, the sound approached progressive rock with the employ of sophisticated classical-fashion arrangements in the overdubbed guitar and vocal lines. The effect is of a string section or a choir and adds to the ability of the music without actually using an orchestra or a choir. Freddie Mercury died in 1991, effectively ending the group, though they reunited in 2004 with unlike members.
The song "Bohemian Rhapsody" (Ch. 16 Listening Examples) is modeled after the operetta, and is structured every bit such with many sections, going beyond the standard rock song format. At 1 signal the piece uses antiphonal choruses, a classical technique that is essentially call and response between a solo singer and a group of singers.
Pink Floyd:
- "Time"
- "Echoes" Live in Pompeii 1972
- "Money"
Rush: "Tom Sawyer". Notice the unusual rhythm of the melodic "hook" played by the Geddy Lee on the synthesizer at 1:33. The line uses an unusual time: 7/8. A practical way to call back about this unusual timing would exist to describe it as a standard iv beat blueprint where the second half of the beat is deleted. And then if standard iv/iv time isone& 2& 3& 4& –one& ii& 3& iv& etc, 7/8 would go as follows:1& 2& three& 4 –1& 2& 3& 4(Find that the count goes direct from iv to 1, no & is present, so the offbeat of the 4th vanquish is removed.)
Frank Zappa: "The Blackness Page" live and played past me on guitar to show the unusual technique required
Queen: "Maverick Rhapsody"
Source: https://popularmusic.pressbooks.com/chapter/progressive-rock/
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